This book passage explains how Latin American dictatorships used systematic torture, disappearances, and political killings during the Cold War, targeting people labeled as “subversives.” It focuses on Operation Condor, a U.S.-supported transnational network that enabled these regimes to share intelligence and carry out cross-border kidnappings and assassinations of exiles and activists. The passage also raises the question of whether Condor’s politically targeted violence should be considered genocide, even though the Genocide Convention excludes political groups.